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Planning social mix. A critical review of programs [version anglaise] / Jürgen Friedrichs. In "Mixité : an urban and housing issue? Mixing people, housing and activities as urban challenge of the future", 23ème colloque international de l'European Network for Housing Research (ENHR), organisé par le Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités, Sociétés, Territoires (LISST) à l'Université Toulouse II-Le Mirail, 5-8 juillet 2011. Plénière 1: Mixité, diversity: pertinent notions?, 6 juillet 2011. Social mix has been a goal of urban planning since long time, from the the Cadbury (Bournville) estate at the end of the 19th century up to programs in the early 21st century. These programs aim at improving or establishing neighbourhood opportunity structures by modifying the social composition of residents. In order to achieve this goal, the structure is supposed to change from state A to a desired state A’ by implementing specific measures. In terms of social science methodology, this measure is an application of an empirical law. The measure ”If more homes to buy are offered, this will attract upper middle class households to the neighbourhood” rest upon the empirical evidence of a high propensity of middle class households to become homeowners. More generally speaking, programs aim at planning social behavior. Based upon this methodological reasoning, the paper assesses social mix programs in several countries, among them Australia, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. The analyses pertain to a) the type of social mix to be achieved, b) the measure suggested to achieve this goal, c) the empirical evidence for the implicit propositions. The major conclusions derived from the inspection of social mix programs are: social mix is not specified precisely (dimensions? share of which groups?), and many propositions on household behaviour rest upon shaky empirical evidence. Thus, the feasibility of planning social mix is overestimated.

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• Université Toulouse II-Le Mirail

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